Spring Phenological Responses of Diverse Vegetation Types to Extreme Climatic Events in Mongolia

Qier Mu, Sainbuyan Bayarsaikhan (), Gang Bao, Battsengel Vandansambuu, Siqin Tong, Byambakhuu Gantumur, Byambabayar Ganbold and Yuhai Bao
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Qier Mu: Department of Geography, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
Sainbuyan Bayarsaikhan: Department of Geography, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
Gang Bao: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geography Information System, Hohhot 010022, China
Battsengel Vandansambuu: Department of Geography, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
Siqin Tong: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geography Information System, Hohhot 010022, China
Byambakhuu Gantumur: Department of Geography, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
Byambabayar Ganbold: Department of Geography, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
Yuhai Bao: Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geography Information System, Hohhot 010022, China

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-18

Abstract: The increasing frequency of extreme climate events may significantly alter the species composition, structure, and functionality of ecosystems, thereby diminishing their stability and resilience. This study draws on temperature and precipitation data from 53 meteorological stations across Mongolia, covering the period from 1983 to 2016, along with MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from 2001 to 2016. The climate anomaly method and the curvature method of cumulative NDVI logistic curves were employed to identify years of extreme climate events and to extract the start of the growing season (SOS) in Mongolia. Furthermore, the study assessed the impact of extreme climate events on the SOS across different vegetation types and evaluated the sensitivity of the SOS to extreme climate indices. The study results show that, compared to the multi-year average green-up period from 2001 to 2016, extreme climate events significantly impact the SOS. Extreme dryness advanced the SOS by 6.9 days, extreme wetness by 2.5 days, and extreme warmth by 13.2 days, while extreme cold delayed the SOS by 1.2 days. During extreme drought events, the sensitivity of SOS to TN90p (warm nights) was the highest; in extremely wet years, the sensitivity of SOS to TX10p (cool days) was the strongest; in extreme warm events, SOS was most sensitive to TX90p (warm days); and during extreme cold events, SOS was most sensitive to TNx (maximum night temperature). Overall, the SOS was most sensitive to extreme temperature indices during extreme climate events, with a predominantly negative sensitivity. The response and sensitivity of SOS to extreme climate events varied across different vegetation types. This is crucial for understanding the dynamic changes of ecosystems and assessing potential ecological risks.

Keywords: spring phenology; climate anomaly; extreme climate events; extreme climate indices; diverse vegetation types; sensitivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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