Influence of Environmental Factors and Genotype on Natural Variation in the Chemical Composition of Maize Seeds

Muhammad Imran, Sang-Gu Lee (), Soo-Yun Park, Hyoun-Min Park, Eun-Ha Kim, Seon-Woo Oh, Jung-Won Jung, Hanyoung Choi, Tae-Young Oh, Young-Sam Go and Moon-Jong Kim
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Muhammad Imran: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Sang-Gu Lee: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Soo-Yun Park: Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Hyoun-Min Park: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Eun-Ha Kim: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Seon-Woo Oh: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Jung-Won Jung: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Hanyoung Choi: Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
Tae-Young Oh: Crop Cultivation Department, Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
Young-Sam Go: Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
Moon-Jong Kim: Maize Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chuncheon-si 24150, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-19

Abstract: It is well known that environmental factors, management strategy, and genotype can affect the composition of maize seeds. For this reason, eight maize conventional varieties from Korea were grown over three years, 2021, 2022, and 2023, in three sites, Daegu, Hongcheon, and Suwon of South Korea, to describe the natural variation in the maize seed composition. The results indicate a sizable variation in component contents such as proximate, minerals, and fatty acid among the various varieties, which was more pronounced at the Daegu and Suwon cultivation sites and varieties. Since the DO3, JDO, and KIO are the dominant varieties, showing significantly higher accumulation of proximate (14.3%, 15.2%, and 13.1%), minerals (13.1%, 16.6%, and 14.7%), amino acids (17.01%, 15.1%, and 13.5%), and fatty acids (14.3%, 13.9%, and 15.1%) components, when comparing the genotype effects on seed composition. On the other hand, a significantly higher level of seed components, such as proximate (37.2%, 33.4%), minerals (38.5%, 33.4%), amino acid (38.3%, 33.1%), and fatty acids (36.5%, 33.9%), were found in the maize seeds grown in Daegu and Suwon when compared to Hongcheon. This may be possible due to the soil geochemical properties of Daegu and Suwon. Moreover, the comparison of cultivation years did not show a significant contribution to seed composition; however, a slight or moderate difference was found between the year 2023 and the years 2021 and 2022 of cultivation. An analysis of variability percentage and a principal component analysis showed that the compositions of maize seeds were influenced by genotype, location, and the interplay between genotype and location. In conclusion, compositional diversity in maize was influenced by the interaction between genotype, location, and environment.

Keywords: maize; comparative analysis; genotype; environment; natural variation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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