Extraction, Chemical Modification, and Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Pectin from Pakistani Punica granatum Peels

Asma Sabir, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha (), Ghulam Mustafa Kamal (), Shabana Bibi, Noman Sohail, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Norah A. Albekairi and Hitesh Chopra
Additional contact information
Asma Sabir: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Ghulam Mustafa Kamal: Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Shabana Bibi: Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 41000, Pakistan
Noman Sohail: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, 58252 Linköping, Sweden
Abdulrahman Alshammari: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Norah A. Albekairi: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Hitesh Chopra: Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-18

Abstract: The conversion of agro-industrial waste into value-added products has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Pectin is an extensively used by-product of agricultural waste and has many applications. The present research used pomegranate peel for the extraction of pectin and explored its antioxidant properties. Pectin from Punica granatum peel was extracted with the help of a feasible, low-cost, and ecofriendly acidified extraction method using ethanol as an extraction solvent. The yield of the pectin with ethanol was found to be 19.1%. The extracted pectin was chemically modified using the amidation method. The structural characterization of the extracted and modified pectin was carried out using the SEM (for morphology), FTIR (for chemical bond and functional groups), EDX (for an elemental analysis), and XRD (for crystallinity) techniques. After confirming the modification of pectin, both the native and modified pectin were assessed for their antioxidant potential. The antioxidant properties of natively extracted pectin and modified pectin were evaluated against different types of free radicals with the help of a hydroxyl radical antioxidant assay, a DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and a phosphomolybdenum assay. All the performed antioxidant assays revealed that the antioxidant activity of pectin was increased after modification through amidation. The findings could be very useful in obtaining pectin from the peel waste of Punica granatum and obtaining pectin with more bioactive potential via its chemical modification through an optimized method. This is also a step forward in achieving the goal of a sustainable environment. This study contributes to sustainable development by making use of the wasted peels of pomegranate and extracting bioactive pectin at the same time.

Keywords: pectin; Punica granatum; antioxidant activities; SEM; XRD; FTIR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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