Identifying the Determinants of Recycling Rates in the US: A Multi-Level Analysis

Younsung Kim (), Chanho B. Oh, Sunho C. Oh, Tarun Sivanandan and John M. Small
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Younsung Kim: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Chanho B. Oh: School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Sunho C. Oh: Department of Systems and Information Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
Tarun Sivanandan: McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
John M. Small: Department of Geology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: As sustainability challenges become more urgent, concerns about resource depletion and the need for material recovery have brought recycling to the forefront of circular economy discussions. Compared to other developed nations, the US has underperformed in recycling, with its rate remaining relatively unchanged over the last two decades. However, limited academic research has explored the factors influencing recycling rates, and little is understood about how various elements, such as infrastructure and policy measures, affect state-level recycling. Utilizing publicly available data and multivariate regression analysis that considers demographic, infrastructural, ecological, policy, and political factors, this study investigated the state-level variations that contribute to the overall US recycling rate. The findings indicate that states with a high number of landfill sites tend to recycle less, whereas those with a high number of Superfundsites are more likely to recycle more. Furthermore, states that restrict local governments from banning plastic bags and straws are negatively associated with increased recycling. This research provides important insights into how states can improve their recycling rates, which, in turn, would enhance national recycling outcomes.

Keywords: recycling; recycling rates; preemption; landfill sites; waste-to-energy facilities (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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