Emerging Sustainability in Carbon Capture and Use Strategies for V4 Countries via Biochemical Pathways: A Review

Lukáš Krátký (), Stanislaw Ledakowicz, Radoslaw Slezak, Vojtěch Bělohlav, Peter Peciar, Máté Petrik, Tomáš Jirout, Marián Peciar, Zoltán Siménfalvi, Radek Šulc and Zoltán Szamosi
Additional contact information
Lukáš Krátký: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Stanislaw Ledakowicz: Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Radoslaw Slezak: Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Vojtěch Bělohlav: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Peter Peciar: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Námestie Slobody 17, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovakia
Máté Petrik: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Energy Engineering and Chemical Machinery, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
Tomáš Jirout: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Marián Peciar: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Námestie Slobody 17, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovakia
Zoltán Siménfalvi: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Energy Engineering and Chemical Machinery, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
Radek Šulc: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Zoltán Szamosi: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Energy Engineering and Chemical Machinery, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-22

Abstract: The world is moving towards decarbonization policies in the energy and industrial sectors to bring down carbon dioxide release and reach net zero emissions. Technologies to capture CO 2 and use it as a feedstock to produce CO 2 -based chemicals and biofuels via chemical or biochemical conversion pathways can potentially reduce the amount of CO 2 released. The paper serves the innovative scientific knowledge for CO 2 transformation via a biochemical pathway to microalgal biomass with its subsequent treatment to biofuels and bioproducts assuming milder climatic conditions (Central or Eastern Europe, Visegrad countries or climatically related world regions). The recent trends were critically reviewed for microalgal biorefinery to reach the sustainability of microalgal-based chemicals with added value, digestion, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification of microalgal residues. Knowledge-based chemical process engineering analysis, systematic data synthesis, and critical technical evaluation of available life cycle assessment studies evaluated the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery pathways. The research showed that biological CO 2 fixation using water, seawater or wastewater to produce third-generation biomass is a promising alternative for bioethanol production via pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, digestion, and distillation, and can be realized on a large scale in an economically viable and environmentally sound manner. Its best economically promising and sustainable pathway is perceived in producing microalgal-based nutraceuticals, bioactive medical products, and food products such as proteins, pigments, and vitamins. Machine learning methods for data mining, process control, process optimization, and geometrical configuration of reactors and bioreactors are the crucial research needs and challenges to implementing microalgal biorefinery in an operational environment.

Keywords: anaerobic digestion; carbon capture and use; energy sustainability; hydrothermal carbonization; gasification; material security; microalgae; pyrolysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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