Multi-Layered Local Dynamic Map for a Connected and Automated In-Vehicle System

Sebastiano Taddei (), Filippo Visintainer, Filippo Stoffella and Francesco Biral
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Sebastiano Taddei: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
Filippo Visintainer: SWX/SWE/SAI & ADX, Stellantis—CRF Trento Branch, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
Filippo Stoffella: SWX/SWE/SAI & ADX, Stellantis—CRF Trento Branch, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
Francesco Biral: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-26

Abstract: Automated Driving (AD) has been receiving considerable attention from industry, the public, and researchers for its ability to reduce accidents, emissions, and congestion. The purpose of this study is to extend the standardized Local Dynamic Map (LDM) by adding two new layers, and develop efficient and accurate algorithms designed to enhance AD by exploiting the LDM coupled with Cooperative Perception (CP). The LDM is implemented as a Neo4j graph database and extends the standard four-layer structure by adding a detection layer and a prediction layer. A custom Application Programming Interface (API) manages all incoming data, generates the LDM, and runs the algorithms. Currently, the API can match detected entities coming from different sources, correctly position them on the map even in the presence of high uncertainties in the data, and predict their future actions. We tested the developed LDM with real-world data, which we collected using a prototype vehicle from Centro Ricerche FIAT (CRF) Trento Branch—the supporting research center for this work—in urban, suburban, and highway areas of Trento, Italy. The results show that the developed solution is capable of accurately matching and predicting detected entities, is robust to high uncertainties in the data, and is efficient, achieving real-time performance in all scenarios. From these results we can conclude that the LDM and CP have the potential to be core parts of AD, bringing improvements to the development process.

Keywords: Local Dynamic Map; Cooperative Perception; vehicle-to-everything; Automated Driving; Automated Vehicle; Intelligent Transport System (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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