PM 2.5 and O 3 in an Enclosed Basin, the Guanzhong Basin of Northern China: Insights into Distributions, Appointment Sources, and Transport Pathways

Xiaofei Li (), Jingning Guo, Xuequan Wan, Zhen Yang, Lekhendra Tripathee, Feng Yu, Rui Zhang, Wen Yang and Qiyuan Wang
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Xiaofei Li: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Jingning Guo: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Xuequan Wan: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Zhen Yang: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Lekhendra Tripathee: State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Feng Yu: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Rui Zhang: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Wen Yang: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Qiyuan Wang: National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Xi’an 710061, China

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 7, 1-18

Abstract: Aerosol samples (PM 2.5 ) were collected in Xi’an (XN) from 11 August to 11 September 2021 and in Qinling (QL) from 14 July to 24 August 2021, respectively. In addition, ozone (O 3 ) data were collected in order to investigate the characteristics and source areas of PM 2.5 and O 3 in the Guanzhong Basin (GB). The concentrations of PM 2.5 , organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in XN (53.40 ± 17.42, 4.61 ± 2.41, and 0.78 ± 0.60 μg m −3 , respectively) were higher than those in QL (27.57 ± 8.27, 4.23 ± 1.37, and 0.67 ± 0.53 μg m −3 , respectively) in summer. Total water-soluble ions (TWSIIs) accounted for 19.40% and 39.37% of the PM 2.5 concentrations in XN and QL, respectively. O 3 concentrations in summer were 102.44 ± 35.08 μg m −3 and 47.95 ± 21.63 μg m −3 in XN and QL, respectively, and they showed a significant correlation with O x . The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified three main sources in XN and QL, including coal combustion source (COB), secondary aerosol (SA), and dust sources (DUSs). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and a concentration weight trajectory (CWT) model with back-trajectory analysis showed that Inner Mongolia, the interior of Shaanxi, and nearby areas to the southwest were the sources and source areas of carbonaceous matter in XN and QL. The results of this study can contribute to the development of prevention and control policies and guidelines for PM 2.5 and O 3 in the GB. Furthermore, long-term and sustainable measuring and monitoring of PM 2.5 and O 3 are necessary, which is of great significance for studying climate change and the sustainable development of the environment.

Keywords: carbonaceous matter; water-soluble ions; O 3; potential sources; sustainability; Guanzhong Basin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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