Bio-Based Plastics in Product Design: The State of the Art and Challenges to Overcome

Puck Bos (), Linda Ritzen, Sonja van Dam, Ruud Balkenende and Conny Bakker
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Puck Bos: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
Linda Ritzen: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
Sonja van Dam: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
Ruud Balkenende: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands
Conny Bakker: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: Replacing fossil-based feedstock with renewable alternatives is a crucial step towards a circular economy. The bio-based plastics currently on the market are predominantly used in single-use applications, with remarkably limited uptake in durable products. This study explores the current state of the art of bio-based plastic use in durable consumer products and the opportunities and barriers encountered by product developers in adopting these materials. A design analysis of 60 durable products containing bio-based plastics, and 12 company interviews, identified the pursuit of sustainability goals and targets as the primary driver for adopting bio-based plastics, despite uncertainties regarding their reduced environmental impact. The lack of knowledge of bio-based plastics and their properties contributes to the slow adoption of these materials. Furthermore, the lack of recycling infrastructure, the limited availability of the plastics, and higher costs compared to fossil-based alternatives, are significant barriers to adoption. Product developers face significant challenges in designing with bio-based plastics, but opportunities exist; for example, for the use of dedicated bio-based plastics with unique properties. When designing with bio-based plastics, product developers must think beyond the physical product and consider sourcing and recovery, which are not typically part of the conventional product design process.

Keywords: bio-based plastic; product design; circular economy; design analysis; sustainability transition; environmental impact (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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