A New Methodology to Fabricate Polymer–Metal Parts Through Hybrid Fused Filament Fabrication

Sofia F. Silva, Pedro M. S. Rosado, Rui F. V. Sampaio, João P. M. Pragana (), Ivo M. F. Bragança, Eurico Assunção and Carlos M. A. Silva
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Sofia F. Silva: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Pedro M. S. Rosado: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Rui F. V. Sampaio: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
João P. M. Pragana: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Ivo M. F. Bragança: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Eurico Assunção: FAN3D—Favorit Answer Lda, 2740-119 Porto Salvo, Portugal
Carlos M. A. Silva: IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-15

Abstract: This paper introduces a new methodology that enables the production of polymer–metal parts through hybrid additive manufacturing. The approach combines fused filament fabrication (FFF) of polymers with adhesive bonding of metal inserts, applied during layer-by-layer construction. The work is based on unit cells designed and fabricated using eco-friendly materials—polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum—which were subsequently analyzed for build quality and for mechanical performance under tensile lap-shear and three-point bending tests. The acquired knowledge in terms of optimal processing parameters for attaining strong polymer–metal bonds was then applied for the fabrication and testing of prototypes representing modular corner connectors for framing applications. Results on build quality demonstrate that issues, such as lumps and warping, can be solved by finetuning the 3D printing stages of the proposed methodology. In terms of destructive testing, significant improvements in the mechanical performance of PLA can be achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology in integrating the lightweight properties of polymers with the stiffness of metals. This enables the development of innovative, sustainable and eco-friendly solutions that align with the growing demand for eco-friendly materials and processes in manufacturing.

Keywords: additive manufacturing; fused filament fabrication; adhesive bonding; polymer–metal parts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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