Understanding the Determinants of Electric Vehicle Range: A Multi-Dimensional Survey

Runze Mao (), Weiqian Xu, Yutong Qian, Xiaorong Li, Yuanjiang Li, Guoyuan Li and Houxiang Zhang
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Runze Mao: Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212002, China
Weiqian Xu: Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212002, China
Yutong Qian: Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212002, China
Xiaorong Li: Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212002, China
Yuanjiang Li: Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212002, China
Guoyuan Li: Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6025 Alesund, Norway
Houxiang Zhang: Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6025 Alesund, Norway

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-26

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) play a critical role in the transition to sustainable transportation. Despite significant advancements in technology, EVs continue to face major challenges, particularly in terms of limited range, high costs, and insufficient charging infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive review that systematically categorizes the multifaceted factors influencing EV range into technical, environmental, user-related, economic, policy, and cultural dimensions. The aim is to offer a holistic view of how these elements interact to shape EV performance, adoption, and usage. Notably, advancements in battery capacity, charging time, vehicle weight, and aerodynamics are identified as key factors that significantly enhance EV range. Environmental factors such as temperature and terrain are shown to drastically impact energy consumption, with cold climates leading to up to a 50% reduction in range. Furthermore, user behaviors, driving patterns, and economic factors like battery costs, charging infrastructure availability, and electricity prices play a crucial role in determining EV efficiency. This review shows the importance of supportive policies, societal attitudes, and infrastructural developments in promoting the widespread adoption of EVs, making it an innovative and timely contribution to the field.

Keywords: electric vehicle range; battery capacity; charging infrastructure; energy efficiency; user behavior (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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