Study on the Relationship Between 3D Landscape Patterns and Residents’ Comfort in Urban Multi-Unit High-Rise Residential Areas: A Case Study of High-Density Inland City

Yaoyun Zhang, Ge Shi (), Ziying Feng, Entao Zheng, Chuang Chen, Xinyu Li, Difan Yu and Yunpeng Zhang
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Yaoyun Zhang: School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Ge Shi: School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Ziying Feng: School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Entao Zheng: Zhejiang Shuzhi Space Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, China
Chuang Chen: Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Xinyu Li: School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Difan Yu: School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Yunpeng Zhang: School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-32

Abstract: As urbanization accelerates, the increasing density of urban buildings and the prevalence of multi-unit high-rise residential areas have emerged as significant factors affecting residents’ comfort. Effective green space planning within residential areas can mitigate residents’ thermal discomfort. This study utilizes methods including the construction of two-dimensional and three-dimensional landscape indices and meteorological data simulation to examine the relationship between residents’ comfort levels at various heights in residential buildings and the 3D landscape patterns of residential areas, based on semantic three-dimensional grid data from a residential complex in Wuhan. The results indicate that (1) The characteristics of 3D landscape patterns vary across different regions within multi-unit high-rise residential areas. The landscape patches in the central and southern regions are more balanced compared to other areas, while there is minimal height variation in residential buildings in the northeastern region. (2) There are notable differences in comfort levels at varying heights across different areas of the residential district. In summer, residents expressing satisfaction with environmental comfort are primarily located in high-rise buildings in the central-southern region, whereas in winter, satisfaction is concentrated among residents in lower and mid-rise buildings in both the northern center and southern areas. (3) The degree of landscape fragmentation, the dominance of certain patches, and the distribution of buildings and vegetation at different heights significantly influence residents’ comfort. Achieving a balanced distribution of green spaces, reducing building density, and ensuring a uniform arrangement of trees of varied heights can effectively enhance the living environment for residents on lower floors, providing practical strategies for the planning of green spaces and built environments that improve overall resident quality of life. This research provides a theoretical foundation and reference for evaluating thermal comfort in high-rise residential areas and optimizing green space configurations.

Keywords: 3D landscape patterns; residents’ comfort; landscape indices; meteorological data simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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