Environmental Microbiological Sampling in Civil Settings: Comparative LCA Analysis of Green Cleaning Techniques vs. Traditional Methods in Accordance with New Italian CAM Guidelines

Riccardo Fontana, Luciano Vogli, Mattia Buratto, Anna Caproni, Chiara Nordi, Mariangela Pappadà, Martina Facchini, Cesare Buffone, Beatrice Bandera and Peggy Marconi ()
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Riccardo Fontana: Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Luciano Vogli: Punto 3 Srl S.B., 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Mattia Buratto: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Anna Caproni: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Chiara Nordi: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Mariangela Pappadà: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Martina Facchini: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Cesare Buffone: Punto 3 Srl S.B., 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Beatrice Bandera: Punto 3 Srl S.B., 44122 Ferrara, Italy
Peggy Marconi: Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-14

Abstract: This research conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to examine both the ecological footprint and microbiological performance of eco-friendly and traditional cleaning methods in non-clinical environments. Conducted in accordance with the updated Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAMs), the research follows the principles and framework established by UNI EN ISO 14040 and 14044. Additionally, the assessment of carbon footprint (kg CO 2 e) adheres to ISO 14067:2018, with guidance from Product Category Rules (PCR 2011:03 v3.0.1). Our findings demonstrate that the Green Protocol implemented by Dussmann Service reduces the carbon footprint of cleaning activities by 20.0% compared to the traditional protocol, equating to an annual reduction of 156 kg CO 2 at the pilot site. Laboratory analyses confirm that the Green Protocol maintains hygiene standards equivalent to conventional methods, ensuring adequate microbiological quality while significantly lowering environmental impact. The study highlights the feasibility of integrating eco-friendly cleaning practices without compromising effectiveness. Future research should explore the scalability, cost-efficiency, and long-term benefits of this approach. This assessment provides a scientifically validated foundation for adopting sustainable cleaning methodologies in professional settings, supporting the transition towards environmentally responsible facility management.

Keywords: life cycle assessment (LCA); carbon footprint; sustainable practices; microbiological sampling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
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