Developing Key Performance Indicators for a Port in Indonesia

Yugowati Praharsi, Mohammad Abu Jami’in, Devina Puspita Sari, Putri Rahmatul Isti’anah and Hui-Ming Wee ()
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Yugowati Praharsi: Business Management Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Mohammad Abu Jami’in: Electrical Engineering Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Devina Puspita Sari: Business Management Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Putri Rahmatul Isti’anah: Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 1FL, UK
Hui-Ming Wee: Industrial and System Engineering Department, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-27

Abstract: Ports play a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, yet many, particularly smaller ports, lack standardized port performance indicators (PPIs) to assess and improve operational efficiency. Existing studies primarily focus on financial and operational performance, often employing either the balanced scorecard (BSC) or PESTLE analysis in isolation, with limited integration of sustainability concepts, such as smart port and green port frameworks. This study bridges this gap, aiming to develop and validate a comprehensive PPI framework that combines BSC, PESTLE, and circular economy smart and green port principles to create holistic performance assessment tools for ports. The research used a three-round Delphi method, incorporating expert evaluations and consensus from academics, consultants, port authorities, and customers to validate key performance indicators. A total of 127 PPIs were initially identified through a literature review and expert consultations, using strict selection criteria—standard deviation ≤ 1.5, interquartile range (Q3–Q1) ≤ 2.5, and ≥51% expert agreement (ratings 8–10). The final validated framework includes 114 indicators covering financial, operational, environmental, and strategic dimensions. This study provides valuable insights for port authorities to optimize performance and align with global best practices by integrating internal and external factors into a comprehensive model.

Keywords: Delphi method; port performance indicator; balance scorecard; PESTLE; circular economy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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