Advancing Sustainability in Alloy Production: The Role of Recycled Materials and Barbotage in Enhancing EN AC-46000 Castings

Patryk Korban, Anna Wąsik and Beata Leszczyńska-Madej ()
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Patryk Korban: Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Anna Wąsik: Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Beata Leszczyńska-Madej: Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-19

Abstract: Aluminum recycling is a key pillar of sustainable metallurgy, protecting natural resources, reducing energy consumption by up to 15 times compared with primary aluminum production and significantly lowering the demand for raw materials. This article presents a comprehensive study on the impact of barbotage refining time and recycled scrap content on EN AC-46000 (AlSi9Cu3) alloy, covering the entire process from the initial ingot to the final casting, contributing to a circular economy. The input material consisted of varying proportions of pure ingots and scrap, with scrap content set at 80%, 70%, and 60%, respectively. Each material batch underwent different refining times: 0, 7, 9, and 15 min. Microstructural studies were conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Additionally, pore distribution and their proportions within the material volume were analyzed using X-ray computed tomography. This study also examined hardness and gas content relative to the refining time. It was demonstrated that the refining process promoted microstructural homogenization and reduced porosity throughout the production process. Furthermore, extending the refining time positively impacted the reduction of porosity in thin-walled castings and lowered the gas emission level from the alloy, resulting in improved final product quality.

Keywords: sustainable metallurgy; aluminum recycling; barbotage refining; EN AC-46000 alloy; porosity; X-ray computed tomography; casting (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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