Eco-Environmental Quality and Driving Mechanisms of Green Space in Urban Functional Units: A Case Study of Haikou, China

Wei Wang, Muhammad Awais, Fanxin Meng, Yichao Wang, Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Hui Xue, Zongshan Zhao () and Hai-Li Zhang ()
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Wei Wang: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Muhammad Awais: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
Fanxin Meng: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Yichao Wang: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Mir Muhammad Nizamani: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
Hui Xue: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Zongshan Zhao: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Hai-Li Zhang: School of Environment and Geography, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-18

Abstract: A thorough understanding of the consequences of urbanization can be significantly advanced by examining urban environmental dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolutions. This study evaluates eco-environmental quality and investigates the underlying drivers of urban greening within the functional units of Haikou, a tropical coastal city located on Hainan Island, China, using advanced techniques from Landsat and Google Earth imagery. Ecological index and land use change analyses were conducted using Landsat 5 (TM) imagery for 2010 and Landsat 8 (OLI) imagery for 2020. In addition, Google Earth imagery was used to interpret the driving factors influencing urban functional units (UFUs) in 2010 and 2020. Spatial and temporal environmental changes were quantitatively assessed. Multi-spectral Landsat 8 data at a 30 m resolution were used to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to assess Haikou’s ecological condition. Land use impacts on eco-environmental quality were evaluated through RSEI values from 2010 to 2020, showing that eco-environmental quality improved over time, revealing a gradual improvement over time. Land use across 190 UFUs from 2010 to 2020 was categorized into five types: trees and shrubs, herbs, built-up areas, sandy lands, and water bodies. The primary drivers of greening percentage in each UFU were identified as housing prices, maintenance duration, and construction age. The most significant changes in land cover type were observed in the herb areas. Similarly, maintenance duration emerged as the most influential factor driving changes in urban green space (UGS). In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights for future urban planning and improvements in eco-environmental quality in Haikou, Hainan Island, China.

Keywords: eco-environmental quality; urban green space; land use; UFU; driving factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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