Simple Steps Towards Sustainability in Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Life Cycle Assessments of Single-Use Medical Devices (SUDs) and Third-Party SUD Reprocessing

Cassandra L. Thiel (), David Sheon and Daniel J. Vukelich
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Cassandra L. Thiel: Departments of Population Health & Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
David Sheon: Association of Medical Device Reprocessors, 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 4003, Washington, DC 20006, USA
Daniel J. Vukelich: Association of Medical Device Reprocessors, 2000 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 4003, Washington, DC 20006, USA

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: This study reviews life cycle assessments (LCAs) of reprocessed single-use devices (rSUDs) in healthcare to quantify their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions compared to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SUDs (single-use devices). rSUDs offer notable reductions in solid waste generation, but, until recently, a reduction in greenhouse gases and other emissions from the reprocessing process was only hypothesized. Emerging LCAs in this space can help validate the assumptions of better environmental performance from greater circularity in the medical device industry. Four LCAs analyzing eight devices found consistent and significant GHG reductions ranging from 23% to 60% with rSUD use. Primary data from rSUD manufacturers were utilized in all studies, with SimaPro v9.3.0.2 and Ecoinvent v3.8 being the predominant LCA software and database. Raw material extraction and production dominated SUD emissions, while electricity use and packaging materials were key contributors for rSUDs. Sensitivity analyses highlighted the influence of electricity sources, collection rates, and reprocessing yields on rSUD environmental performance. A comparison with economic input–output-based models revealed an alignment at the time between price differentials and LCA-derived GHG differences, though this may not always hold true. This review demonstrates the substantial environmental benefits of rSUDs, supporting their role as a readily achievable step towards more sustainable and circular healthcare systems.

Keywords: sustainable healthcare; single-use device; reprocessing; medical device; life cycle assessment; circular healthcare; circularity; greenhouse gas emissions; climate change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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