Evaluating the Impact of AV Penetration and Behavior on Freeway Traffic Efficiency and Safety Using Microscopic Simulation

Taebum Eom and Minju Park ()
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Taebum Eom: Eco-Friendly Smart Vehicle Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Jeju-si 63309, Republic of Korea
Minju Park: Department of Big Data Application, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-19

Abstract: As autonomous vehicles (AVs) are gradually integrated into existing traffic systems, understanding their impact on freeway operations becomes essential for effective infrastructure planning and policy design. This study explores how AV penetration rates, behavior profiles, and freeway geometry interact to influence traffic performance and safety. Using microscopic simulations in VISSIM (a high-fidelity traffic simulation tool), four typical freeway segment types—basic sections, weaving zones, on-ramp merging areas, and AV-exclusive lanes—were modeled under diverse traffic demands and AV behavior settings. The findings indicate that, while AVs can improve flow stability in simple environments, their performance may deteriorate in complex merging scenarios without supportive design or behavior coordination. AV-exclusive lanes offer some mitigation when AV share is high. These results underscore that AV integration requires context-specific strategies and cannot be universally applied. Adaptive, behavior-aware traffic management is recommended to support a smooth transition toward mixed autonomy.

Keywords: autonomous vehicles; traffic simulation; freeway merging; AV behavior modeling; traffic efficiency; AV-exclusive lane (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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