Navigating Barriers to Decarbonisation of UK’s Aviation Sector Through Green Hydrogen: A Multi-Scale Perspective

Pegah Mirzania (), Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan, Henrik Rothe and Guy Gratton
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Pegah Mirzania: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
Henrik Rothe: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
Guy Gratton: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-27

Abstract: Aviation is widely recognised as one of the most carbon-intensive modes of transport and among the most challenging sectors to decarbonise. The use of green hydrogen (H 2 ) in airside operations can help reduce emissions from air transport. While the pace and scalability of technology development, including H 2 -powered and ground support equipment, will be key factors, other financial, regulatory, legal, organisational, behavioural, and societal issues must also be considered. This paper investigates the key opportunities and challenges of using H 2 in the aviation industry through eleven semi-structured interviews and a virtual expert workshop (N = 37) with key aviation industry stakeholders and academia. The results indicate that, currently, decarbonisation of the aviation sector faces several challenges, including socio-technical, techno-economic, and socio-political challenges, with socio-technical challenges being the most prominent barrier. This study shows that decarbonisation will not occur until the UK government is ready to have all the required infrastructure and capacity in place. Governments can play a significant role in directing the necessary ‘push’ and ‘pull’ to develop and promote zero-carbon emission aircraft in the marketplace and ensure safe implementation.

Keywords: aviation decarbonisation; hydrogen-powered aircraft; feasibility constraint; airside operation; net-zero aircraft (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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