Assessment of the Crop Water Stress Index for Green Pepper Cultivation Under Different Irrigation Levels

Sedat Boyacı, Joanna Kocięcka (), Barbara Kęsicka, Atılgan Atılgan and Daniel Liberacki
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Sedat Boyacı: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kırşehir, Türkiye
Joanna Kocięcka: Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
Barbara Kęsicka: Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
Atılgan Atılgan: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, 07425 Alanya, Türkiye
Daniel Liberacki: Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-649 Poznań, Poland

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-19

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different water levels on yield, morphological, and quality parameters, as well as the crop water stress index (CWSI), for pepper plants under a high tunnel greenhouse in a semi-arid region. For this purpose, the irrigation schedule used in this study includes 120%, 100%, 80%, and 60% (I120, I100, I80, and I60) of evaporation monitored gravimetrically. In this study, increasing irrigation levels (I100 and I120) resulted in increased stem diameter, plant height, fruit number, leaf number, and leaf area values. However, these values decreased as the water level dropped (I60 and I80). At the same time, increased irrigation resulted in improvements in fruit width, length, and weight, as well as a decrease in TSS values. While total yield and marketable yield values increased at the I120 water level, TWUE and MWUE were the highest at the I100 water level. I80 and I120 water levels were statistically in the same group. It was found that the application of I100 water level in the high tunnel greenhouse is the appropriate irrigation level in terms of morphology and quality parameters. However, in places with water scarcity, a moderate water deficit (I80) can be adopted instead of full (I100) or excessive irrigation (I120) in pepper cultivation in terms of water conservation. The experimental results reveal significant correlations between the parameters of green pepper yield and the CWSI. Therefore, a mean CWSI of 0.16 is recommended for irrigation level I100 for higher-quality yields. A mean CWSI of 0.22 is recommended for irrigation level I80 in areas where water is scarce. While increasing the CWSI values decreased the values of crop water consumption, leaf area index, total yield, marketable yield, total water use efficiency, and marketable water use efficiency, decreasing the CWSI increased these values. This study concluded that the CWSI can be effectively utilised in irrigation time planning under semi-arid climate conditions. With the advancement of technology, determining the CWSI using remote sensing-based methods and integrating it into greenhouse automation systems will become increasingly important in determining irrigation times.

Keywords: pepper; irrigation scheduling; deficit irrigation; total and marketable yield; water use efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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