Examining the Factors Influencing Pedestrian Behaviour and Safety: A Review with a Focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities

Jie Yang, Nirajan Gauli, Nirajan Shiwakoti (), Richard Tay, Hepu Deng, Jian Chen, Bharat Nepal and Jimmy Li
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Jie Yang: School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
Nirajan Gauli: School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
Nirajan Shiwakoti: School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
Richard Tay: School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
Hepu Deng: School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
Jian Chen: Institute for Social Neuroscience, Melbourne 3079, Australia
Bharat Nepal: Australia Nepal Public Link (ANPL) Inc., Glenroy 3046, Australia
Jimmy Li: Chinese Community Council of Australia–Victoria Chapter (CCCAV), Mount Waverley 3149, Australia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-26

Abstract: Pedestrian behaviour and safety are essential components of urban sustainability. They are influenced by a complex interplay between various factors from different perspectives, particularly in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing pedestrian behaviour and safety with a focus on CALD communities. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study identifies six key groups of influencing factors: social–psychological, cultural, risk perceptions, environmental, technological distractions, and demographic differences. It discovers that well-designed interventions, such as tailored education campaigns and programs, may effectively influence pedestrian behaviour. These interventions emphasize the importance of targeted messaging to address specific risks (e.g., using mobile phones while crossing the road) and engage vulnerable groups, including children, seniors, and CALD communities. The study reveals that CALD communities face higher risks of pedestrian injuries and fatalities due to language barriers, unfamiliarity with local road rules, and different practices and approaches to road safety due to cultural differences. This study underlines the importance of developing and promoting tailored road safety education programs to address the unique challenges faced by CALD communities to help promote safer pedestrian environments for all.

Keywords: pedestrian behaviour; pedestrian safety; CALD communities; education campaigns (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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