Mapping Constructivist Active Learning for STEM: Toward Sustainable Education

Rania Bou Saad (), Ariadna Llorens Garcia and Jose M. Cabre Garcia
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Rania Bou Saad: Engineering, Technology and Technology Education Program, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—Barcelona Tech (UPC), Campus Nord, Jordi Girona Street, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Ariadna Llorens Garcia: Management Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—Barcelona Tech (UPC), EPSEVG, Av. Víctor Balaguer, 1, 08800 Barcelona, Spain
Jose M. Cabre Garcia: Management Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—Barcelona Tech (UPC), Campus Nord, Jordi Girona Street, Building C5-003, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-20

Abstract: As STEM education evolves, educators face growing challenges in selecting and adapting active learning strategies that are pedagogically sound, scalable, and aligned with sustainability goals. This study identifies and analyzes thirteen active (X-BLs) methods using a quantitative and qualitative, multi-criteria framework based on historical originality, conceptual distinctiveness, and compatibility with STEM education. The resulting classification—organized into the categories of originality, innovation, collaboration, and technology—provides a dynamic lens for understanding the development and context of active learning approaches. Beyond its theoretical contribution, the framework offers practical guidance for curriculum designers, school leaders, and policy makers seeking to implement context-sensitive, future-oriented STEM education. By clarifying which methods are foundational and which are more adaptive or emergent, the findings can support strategic decision making, promote pedagogical innovation, and contribute to building more sustainable and interdisciplinary learning environments. This work also sets the stage for further exploration of culturally and regionally grounded pedagogical approaches that address real-world challenges.

Keywords: STEM education; active learning; constructivist learning; sustainability; learning methods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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