Supporting Sustainable Development Goals with Second-Life Electric Vehicle Battery: A Case Study

Muhammad Nadeem Akram and Walid Abdul-Kader ()
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Muhammad Nadeem Akram: Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Walid Abdul-Kader: Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-36

Abstract: To alleviate the impact of economic and environmental detriments caused by the increased demands of electric vehicle battery production and disposal, the use of spent batteries in second-life stationary applications such as energy storage for renewable sources or backup power systems, offers many benefits. This paper focuses on reducing the energy consumption cost and greenhouse gas emissions of Internet-of-Things-enabled campus microgrids by installing solar photovoltaic panels on rooftops alongside energy storage systems that leverage second-life batteries, a gas-fired campus power plant, and a wind turbine while considering the potential loads of a prosumer microgrid. A linear optimization problem is derived from the system by scheduling energy exchanges with the Ontario grid through net metering and solved by using Python 3.11. The aim of this work is to support Sustainable Development Goals, namely 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 13 (Climate Action). A comparison between a base case scenario and the results achieved with the proposed scenarios shows a significant reduction in electricity cost and greenhouse gas emissions and an increase in self-consumption rate and renewable fraction. This research work provides valuable insights and guidelines to policymakers.

Keywords: campus microgrids; electric vehicle; second-life battery; energy saving; renewable fraction; stationary applications; self-consumption rate; Sustainable Development Goals (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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