Analysis of PM 2.5 Transport Characteristics and Continuous Improvement in High-Emission-Load Areas of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region in Winter

Yuyao Qiang, Chuanda Wang, Xiaoqi Wang () and Shuiyuan Cheng
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Yuyao Qiang: Beijing Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Chuanda Wang: Beijing Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Xiaoqi Wang: Beijing Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Shuiyuan Cheng: Beijing Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-19

Abstract: The air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China has markedly improved in recent decades. Characterizing current PM 2.5 transmission between cities in light of the continuous reduction in emissions from various sources is of great significance for the formulation of future regional joint prevention and control strategies. To address these issues, a WRF-CAMx modeling project was implemented to explore the pollution characteristics from the perspectives of transport flux, regional source apportionment, and the comprehensive impact of multiple pollutants from 2013 to 2020. It was found that the net PM 2.5 transport flux among cities declined considerably during the study period and was positively affected by the continuous reduction in emission sources. The variations in local emissions and transport contributions in various cities from 2013 to 2020 revealed differences in emission control policies and efforts. It is worth noting that under polluted weather conditions, obvious interannual differences in PM 2.5 transport fluxes in the BTH region were observed, emphasizing the need for more scientifically based regional collaborative control strategies. The change in the predominant precursor from SO 2 to NOx has posed new challenges for emission reduction. NOx emission reductions will significantly decrease PM 2.5 concentrations, while SO 2 and NH 3 reductions show limited effects. The reduction in NOx emissions might have a fluctuating impact on the generation of SOAs, possibly due to changes in atmospheric oxidation. However, the deep treatment of NOx has a positive effect on the synergistic improvement of multiple air pollutants. This emphasizes the need to enhance the reduction in NOx emissions in the future. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the development of effective PM 2.5 precursor control strategies and regional differentiation optimization improvement policies in the BTH region.

Keywords: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei; PM 2.5 transport flux; source apportionment; PM 2.5 sensitivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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