Assessing Port Connectivity from the Perspective of the Supply Chain: A Bayesian Network-Based Integrated Approach

Yuan Ji, Jing Lu (), Wan Su and Danlan Xie
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Yuan Ji: College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Jing Lu: College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Wan Su: College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Danlan Xie: College of Artificial Intelligence and E-Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou College of Commerce, Hangzhou 310018, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-21

Abstract: Maritime transportation is the backbone of global trade, with ports acting as pivotal nodes for the efficient and resilient movement of goods in international supply chains. However, most existing studies lack a systematic and integrated framework for assessing port connectivity. To address this gap, this study develops an integrated Bayesian Network (BN) modeling approach that, for the first time, simultaneously incorporates international connectivity, port competitiveness, and hinterland connectivity within a unified probabilistic framework. Drawing on empirical data from 26 major coastal countries in Asia, the model quantifies the multi-layered and interdependent determinants of port connectivity. The results demonstrate that port competitiveness and hinterland connectivity are the dominant drivers, while the impact of international shipping links is comparatively limited in the current Asian context. Sensitivity analysis further highlights the critical roles of rail transport development and trade facilitation in enhancing port connectivity. The proposed BN framework supports comprehensive scenario analysis under uncertainty and offers targeted, practical policy recommendations for port authorities and regional planners. By systematically capturing the interactions among maritime, port, and inland factors, this study advances both the theoretical understanding and practical management of port connectivity.

Keywords: port connectivity; supply chain; Bayesian network; international connectivity; port competitiveness; hinterland connectivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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