Red Clay as a Raw Material for Sustainable Masonry Composite Ceramic Blocks

Todorka Samardzioska (), Igor Peshevski, Valentina Zileska Pancovska, Bojan Golaboski, Milorad Jovanovski and Sead Abazi
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Todorka Samardzioska: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Igor Peshevski: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Valentina Zileska Pancovska: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Bojan Golaboski: Civil Engineering Institute Makedonija, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Milorad Jovanovski: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
Sead Abazi: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 15, 1-19

Abstract: The pursuit of sustainable construction practices has become imperative in the modern era. This paper delves into the research of the properties and application of a specific material called “red clay” from the locality “Crvena Mogila” in Macedonia. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the material. The tested samples show that it is a porous material with low density, high water absorption, and compressive strength in range of 29.85–38.32 MPa. Samples of composite wall blocks were made with partial replacement of natural aggregate with red clay aggregate. Two types of blocks were produced with dimensions of 390 × 190 × 190 mm, with five and six holes. The average compressive strength of the blocks ranges from 3.1 to 4.1 MPa, which depends on net density and the number of holes. Testing showed that these blocks have nearly seven-times-lower thermal conductivity than conventional concrete blocks and nearly twice-lower conductivity than full-fired clay bricks. The general conclusion is that the tested red clay is an economically viable and sustainable material with favourable physical, mechanical, and thermal parameters and can be used as a granular aggregate in the production of composite ceramic blocks.

Keywords: red clay; sustainable; thermal conductivity; nature-based solution; composite (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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