Enhancing Efficiency in Sustainable IoT Enterprises: Modeling Indicators Using Pythagorean Fuzzy and Interval Grey Approaches

Mimica R. Milošević (), Miloš M. Nikolić, Dušan M. Milošević and Violeta Dimić ()
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Mimica R. Milošević: Faculty of Information Technologies, University Alfa BK, Palmira Toljatija 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Miloš M. Nikolić: Faculty of Businessand Law, MB University, Teodora Drajzdera 27, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Dušan M. Milošević: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Aleksandra Medvedeva 4, 18104 Niš, Serbia
Violeta Dimić: Faculty of Information Technologies, University Alfa BK, Palmira Toljatija 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 15, 1-30

Abstract: “The Internet of Things” is a relatively new idea that refers to objects that can connect to the Internet and exchange data. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables novel interactions between objects and people by interconnecting billions of devices. While there are many IoT-related products, challenges pertaining to their effective implementation, particularly the lack of knowledge and confidence about security, must be addressed. To provide IoT-based enterprises with a platform for efficiency and sustainability, this study aims to identify the critical elements that influence the growth of a successful company integrated with an IoT system. This study proposes a decision support tool that evaluates the influential features of IoT using the Pythagorean Fuzzy and Interval Grey approaches within the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study demonstrates that security, value, and connectivity are more critical than telepresence and intelligence indicators. When both strategies are used, market demand and information privacy become significant indicators. Applying the Pythagorean Fuzzy approach enables the identification of sensor networks, authorization, market demand, and data management in terms of importance. The application of the Interval Grey approach underscores the importance of data management, particularly in sensor networks. The indicators that were finally ranked are compared to obtain a good coefficient of agreement. These findings offer practical insights for promoting sustainability in enterprise operations by optimizing IoT infrastructure and decision-making processes.

Keywords: Internet of Things; enterprises; sustainable development; multi-criteria decision-making; Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process; Interval Grey Analytical Hierarchy Process (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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