A Multi-Temporal Regulation Strategy for EV Aggregators Enabling Bi-Directional Energy Interactions in Ancillary Service Markets for Sustainable Grid Operation

Xin Ma, Yubing Liu, Chongyi Tian and Bo Peng ()
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Xin Ma: School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Yubing Liu: School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Chongyi Tian: School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Bo Peng: School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-29

Abstract: Amid rising load volatility and uncertainty, demand-side resources with regulation capabilities are increasingly engaged at scale in ancillary service markets, facilitating sustainable peak load mitigation and alleviating grid stress while reducing reliance on carbon-intensive peaking plants. This study examines the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in peak regulation, proposing a multi-stage operational strategy framework grounded in the analysis of EV power and energy response constraints to promote both economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. The model holistically accounts for temporal charging and discharging behaviors under diverse incentive mechanisms, incorporating user response heterogeneity alongside multi-period market peak regulation demands while supporting clean transportation adoption. An optimization model is formulated to maximize aggregator revenue while enhancing grid sustainability and is solved via MATLAB(2021b) and CPLEX(20.1.0). The simulation outcomes reveal that the discharge-based demand response (DBDR) strategy elevates aggregator revenue by 42.6% and enhances peak regulation margins by 19.2% relative to the conventional charge-based demand response (CBDR). The hybridization of CBDR and DBDR yields a threefold revenue increase and a 28.7% improvement in peak regulation capacity, underscoring the efficacy of a joint-response approach in augmenting economic returns, grid flexibility, and sustainable energy management.

Keywords: Electric Vehicle Aggregator; demand-side resources; ancillary services market; peak shaving; sustainable energy management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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