Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU)-Based Model for Concrete Gravity Dam Displacement Prediction

Jianxin Ma, Xiaobing Huang, Haoran Wu, Kang Yan () and Yong Liu
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Jianxin Ma: Guangxi Youjiang Water Resources Development Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China
Xiaobing Huang: Guangxi Youjiang Water Resources Development Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, China
Haoran Wu: School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Kang Yan: School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Yong Liu: School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-18

Abstract: Dam displacement serves as a critical visual indicator for assessing structural integrity and stability in dam engineering. Data-driven displacement forecasting has become essential for modern dam safety monitoring systems, though conventional approaches—including statistical models and basic machine learning techniques—often fail to capture comprehensive feature representations from multivariate environmental influences. To address these challenges, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU)-enhanced neural network is developed, incorporating sliding window mechanisms to model time-dependent hysteresis characteristics. The BiGRU’s architecture systematically integrates historical temporal patterns through overlapping window segmentation, enabling dual-directional sequence processing via forward–backward gate structures. Validated with four instrumented measurement points from a major concrete gravity dam, the proposed model exhibits significantly better performance against three widely used recurrent neural network benchmarks in displacement prediction tasks. These results confirm the model’s capability to deliver high-fidelity displacement forecasts with operational stability, establishing a robust framework for infrastructure health monitoring applications.

Keywords: concrete dam; displacement prediction model; BiGRU; time lag effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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