Bi-Level Sustainability Planning for Integrated Energy Systems Considering Hydrogen Utilization and the Bilateral Response of Supply and Demand

Xiaofeng Li, Fangying Zhang, Yudai Huang () and Gaohang Zhang
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Xiaofeng Li: College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
Fangying Zhang: Northwest Branch of China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Turpan 838202, China
Yudai Huang: College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
Gaohang Zhang: College of Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-22

Abstract: Under the background of “double carbon” and sustainable development, aimed at the problem of resource capacity planning in the integrated energy system (IES), at improving the economy of system planning operation and renewable energy (RE) consumption, and at reducing carbon emissions, this paper proposes a multi-objective bi-level sustainability planning method for IES considering the bilateral response of supply and demand and hydrogen utilization. Firstly, the multi-energy flow in the IES is analyzed, constructing the system energy flow framework, studying the support ability of hydrogen utilization and the bilateral response of supply and demand to system energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development. Secondly, a multi-objective bi-level planning model for IES is constructed with the purpose of optimizing economy, RE consumption, and carbon emission. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and commercial solver Gurobi are used to solve the model and, through the simulation, verify the model’s effectiveness. Finally, the planning results show that after introducing the hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage tank, and bilateral response, the total costs and carbon emissions decreased by 29.17% and 77.12%, while the RE consumption rate increased by 16.75%. After introducing the multi-objective planning method considering the system economy, RE consumption, and carbon emissions, the system total cost increased by 0.34%, the consumption rate of RE increased by 0.6%, and the carbon emissions decreased by 43.61t, which effectively provides reference for resource planning and sustainable development of IES.

Keywords: bi-level multi-objective sustainability planning; integrated energy system; the bilateral response of supply and demand; hydrogen utilization; sustainable development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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