Socio-Spatial Disparities in Heatwave Risk Perception and Cooling Shelter Utilization in Gwangju, South Korea

Byoungchull Oh, Beungyong Park () and Suh-hyun Kwon ()
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Byoungchull Oh: Green Energy Research Bureau, Gwangju Climate and Energy Agency, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea
Beungyong Park: Department of Building and System Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
Suh-hyun Kwon: Division of Architecture, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-13

Abstract: Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity owing to climate change, posing severe health risks to urban populations, particularly vulnerable groups. This study investigates public perceptions, adaptive behavior, and policy awareness regarding extreme heat in Gwangju Metropolitan City, South Korea, a heat-prone urban area. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed primary survey data from 814 residents and secondary data from the 2020 Gwangju Citizen Heatwave Awareness Survey. Statistical analyses, including chi-squared and t-tests, examined differences across socioeconomic age groups. Results indicate that while general awareness of heatwave risks is high, low-income residents exhibit lower perceived severity, limited access to mechanical cooling, and greater reliance on passive avoidance behaviors. Awareness and use of municipal cooling shelters were low, with satisfaction hindered by concerns over accessibility, cleanliness, and operational hours. Television and emergency text alerts were the main information channels; however, trust and perceived usefulness were limited. Policy recommendations include spatially targeted shelter placement informed by vulnerability mapping, improved operational standards, diversified risk communication, and enhanced community engagement. This study underscores the importance of equity-driven adaptation strategies and provides practical insights for global municipalities facing similar climate-related heat risks.

Keywords: heatwave perception; urban resilience; cooling shelters; socioeconomic vulnerability; risk communication; Gwangju (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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