Risks and Challenges in CO 2 Capture, Use, Transportation, and Storage

D. Nathan Meehan ()
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D. Nathan Meehan: College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-21

Abstract: Reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions will require broad deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS), yet significant challenges remain. This paper reviews the main barriers that may hinder or delay widespread CCS adoption, drawing on current projects in various stages of planning, construction, and development. The discussion focuses on technical, economic, social, and regulatory aspects of CCS and identifies several key obstacles. These include the high financial burden on energy production, persistent uncertainties about the long-term behavior of stored CO 2 , and the complexity of the regulatory framework governing CCS projects and CO 2 pipelines. Carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) remains a major focus of attention in the petroleum industry due to its potential to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or prevent future emissions. Despite this potential, challenges and risks continue to limit progress.

Keywords: carbon capture and storage; CCS; CCUS; CO 2 transport; geological storage; climate mitigation; environmental risk; sustainability; public perception; net-zero; direct air capture (DAC) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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