How Industry 4.0 Technologies Enhance Supply Chain Resilience: The Interplay of Agility, Adaptability, and Customer Integration in Manufacturing Firms

Emaduldin Alfaqiyah (), Ahmad Alzubi, Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani and Tolga Öz
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Emaduldin Alfaqiyah: Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Research and Studies, University of Mediterranean Karpasia, via Mersin 10, Lefkosa 33010, North Cyprus, Turkey
Ahmad Alzubi: Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Research and Studies, University of Mediterranean Karpasia, via Mersin 10, Lefkosa 33010, North Cyprus, Turkey
Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani: Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Research and Studies, University of Mediterranean Karpasia, via Mersin 10, Lefkosa 33010, North Cyprus, Turkey
Tolga Öz: Department of Business Administration, Institute of Graduate Research and Studies, University of Mediterranean Karpasia, via Mersin 10, Lefkosa 33010, North Cyprus, Turkey

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-30

Abstract: This study examines how Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies enhance supply chain resilience (SCR) in manufacturing firms by testing the mediating roles of supply chain agility (SCAG), supply chain adaptability (SCAD) and the moderating effect of customer integration (CI). Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), the research conceptualizes digital technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI)—as both strategic resources and enablers of dynamic capabilities in turbulent environments. Survey data were collected from 273 manufacturing firms in Turkey, a context shaped by geopolitical and economic disruptions, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that I4.0 technologies positively affect SCR directly and indirectly through SCAG and SCAD. However, while agility consistently strengthens resilience, adaptability shows a negative mediating effect, suggesting context-specific constraints. CI significantly amplifies the positive impact of I4.0 on SCR, underscoring the importance of external relational capabilities. Theoretically, this research advances supply chain literature by integrating RBV and DCV to explain how digital transformation drives resilience through distinct dynamic capabilities. Practically, it offers guidance for managers to combine digital infrastructure with collaborative customer relationships to mitigate disruptions and secure long-term performance. Overall, the study provides an integrated framework for building resilient supply chains in the digital era.

Keywords: Industry 4.0 Technologies; supply chain resilience; supply chain agility; supply chain adaptability; customer integration; dynamic capabilities; manufacturing firms; digital transformation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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