Influence of Loadshedding on Air Quality: A South African Scenario

Kanya Xongo, Moleboheng Molefe and Lerato Shikwambana ()
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Kanya Xongo: Earth Observation Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Moleboheng Molefe: Earth Observation Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Lerato Shikwambana: Earth Observation Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 19, 1-13

Abstract: In many developing countries, including South Africa, electricity providers have consistently faced challenges in meeting rising energy demands. Since 2008, South Africa has implemented widespread electricity rationing—commonly referred to as “loadshedding”—due to a combination of operational inefficiencies and structural constraints. Loadshedding continues to be a critical challenge in South Africa, significantly affecting the economy, livelihoods, public health, and broader socio-economic conditions. This study explores the link between loadshedding and air quality by analyzing atmospheric emissions during two contrasting periods: 2019, a year with minimal loadshedding; and 2023, which experienced severe and prolonged outages. The analysis reveals a decline in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) levels during the intense loadshedding period of 2023. The results indicate that, beyond the influence of weather patterns, reductions in emissions—such as those caused by decreased electricity generation—contribute meaningfully to improved air quality. Overall, the data suggest that reduced power production during high levels of loadshedding links with lower emissions and enhanced air quality. These findings reinforce the potential benefits of transitioning to cleaner, alternative energy sources for achieving long-term reductions in air pollution and fostering a healthier environment. Remote sensing is a critical tool for environmental monitoring in developing countries, offering cost-effective, wide-area data collection to address issues like air pollution, and climate impact. It supports policy-making by providing timely, objective insights for sustainable development, resource management, and disaster response, aligning with SDGs.

Keywords: air pollution; meteorology; electricity; emissions; sentinel-5P (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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