Variation and Controlling Factors of Carbon Flux over a Humid Region Kiwifruit Orchard in Southwest China

Xiuyun Yu, Ningbo Cui (), Yuxin He, Mingjun Wang, Shunsheng Zheng, Lu Zhao, Renjuan Wei and Shouzheng Jiang ()
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Xiuyun Yu: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Ningbo Cui: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Yuxin He: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Mingjun Wang: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Shunsheng Zheng: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Lu Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Renjuan Wei: Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 610065, China
Shouzheng Jiang: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering & College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Investigating the carbon flux in orchard ecosystems is crucial for assessing agroecosystem productivity and optimizing management practices. We measured and estimated carbon fluxes (gross primary productivity, GPP; ecosystem respiration, R e ; and net ecosystem exchange, NEE) and environmental variables in a seven-year-old kiwifruit orchard over two years. Our results showed that diurnal carbon fluxes exhibited bell-shaped patterns, peaking between 12:30 and 15:30. Daily carbon fluxes exhibited a seasonal trend, characterized by an increase followed by a decrease. The average daily GPP, R e , and NEE values were 6.77, 4.99, and −1.79 g C m −2 d −1 in 2018, and 5.88, 4.78, and −1.10 g C m −2 d −1 in 2019, respectively. The orchard sequestered −444.25 g C m −2 in 2018 and −285.77 g C m −2 in 2019, which accounted for 26.4% and 18.6% of GPP, respectively. Diurnal GPP and NEE were significantly influenced by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), with direct path coefficients of 0.75 and 0.88 ( p < 0.01), while air temperature (T a ) significantly affected GPP and NEE through PAR, with an indirect path coefficient of 1.12 for both. PAR had a similar effect on daily GPP and NEE, while both were indirectly influenced by soil temperature (T s ) at a 5 cm depth and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). R e was primarily impacted by VPD, with a direct path coefficient of 0.64 ( p < 0.01), while T a and the concentration of air carbon dioxide (CCO 2 ) significantly affected GPP through VPD, with indirect path coefficients of 0.82 and −0.80. The leaf area index (LAI) and soil water content (SWC) at a 20 cm depth exhibited a significant correlation with carbon fluxes during the vigorous growing period.

Keywords: carbon flux; controlling factors; path analysis; kiwifruit orchard ecosystem (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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