Valorization of Agro-Industry-Rejected Common Bean Grains for Starch Film Development: Advancing Sustainable and Comprehensive Resource Utilization

Victoria Guadalupe Graciano- de la Cruz, Blanca Elizabeth Morales-Contreras (), Lucila Concepción Núñez-Bretón, Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido, Juliana Morales-Castro, José Alberto Gallegos-Infante and Walfred Rosas-Flores ()
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Victoria Guadalupe Graciano- de la Cruz: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, Durango CP 34080, Mexico
Blanca Elizabeth Morales-Contreras: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, Durango CP 34080, Mexico
Lucila Concepción Núñez-Bretón: Departamento de Reología y Mecánica de Materiales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México CP 04510, Mexico
Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido: Investigador por México, CONAHCYT, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo CP 25294, Mexico
Juliana Morales-Castro: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, Durango CP 34080, Mexico
José Alberto Gallegos-Infante: Laboratorio Nacional CONAHCYT de Evaluación de Productos Bióticos (LaNAEPBi), Unidad de Servicio Tecnólógico Nacional de México/I.T. Durango. Depto de Ing. Química-Bioquímica, Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, Durango CP 34080, Mexico
Walfred Rosas-Flores: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, Durango CP 34080, Mexico

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: This study examines the potential use of rejected and discarded grains from the common bean industry as a starch source for producing plasticized films with glycerol. The observed morphological characteristics of starch granules from discarded grains were diverse, with round, oval, and kidney-like shapes and sizes ranging from 7 to 34 µm. We determined the pasting profile: the pasting temperature (GT) fell between 72 °C and 74 °C, while the peak viscosity (P v ) demonstrated a significant rise at 10% and 15% starch concentrations. To better understand pasting behavior, mathematical modeling was employed to predict P v behavior, with an R 2 value of 0.98. All film formulations were successful, yielding transparent, homogeneous, odorless, flexible films with smooth surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the films revealed a flawless surface devoid of fissures, cracks, and pores, displaying a rough texture with a consistent structure and some starch granules resembling empty sacks due to amylose and amylopectin leaching. The highest tensile strength was observed with 6% starch and 1.5 mL of glycerol and the lowest with 4.5% starch and 3.9 mL of glycerol. The findings suggest that starch derived from discarded grains from the bean industry has unique characteristics and properties, making it a promising alternative source for intelligent packaging development.

Keywords: common bean; discarded grains; pasting; starch; starch films (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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