Adaptive Control of Inertia and Damping in Grid-Forming Photovoltaic-Storage System

Zicheng Zhao, Haijiang Li, Linjun Shi (), Feng Wu, Minshen Lin and Hao Fu
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Zicheng Zhao: School of Electrical and Power Engineering Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Haijiang Li: China United Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310052, China
Linjun Shi: School of Electrical and Power Engineering Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Feng Wu: School of Electrical and Power Engineering Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Minshen Lin: School of Electrical and Power Engineering Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Hao Fu: School of Electrical and Power Engineering Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: The increasing penetration of renewable energy, such as photovoltaic generation, makes it essential to enhance power system dynamic performance through improved grid-forming control strategies. In the grid-forming control system, the virtual synchronous generator control (VSG) is currently widely used. However, the inertia (J) and damping (D) in the traditional VSG are fixed values, which can result in large overshoots and long adjustment times when dealing with disturbances such as load switching. To address these issues, this paper proposes an adaptive virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy for grid-side inverters, which is accomplished by adaptively adjusting the VSG’s inertia and damping. Firstly, we established a photovoltaic-storage VSG grid-forming system; here, the photovoltaic power is boosted through a DC-DC converter, and the energy storage is connected to the common DC bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. We analyzed how J and D shape the system’s output characteristics. Based on the power-angle characteristic curve, the tanh function was introduced to design the control function, and a JD collaborative adaptive control (ACL) strategy was proposed. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted under common working conditions, such as load switching and grid-side voltage disturbance, to verify the results. From the results shown, the proposed strategy can effectively improve the response speed of the system, suppress system overshoot and oscillation, and, to a certain extent, improve the dynamic performance of the system.

Keywords: photovoltaic-storage system; virtual synchronous generator; inertia; damping; adaptive control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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