Assessment of Ventilation Control Methods for Energy Efficiency and Indoor Climate Stability: A Case Study of a Zoo Exhibition Room

Sylwia Szczęśniak (), Michał Karpuk and Juliusz Walaszczyk
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Sylwia Szczęśniak: Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland
Michał Karpuk: Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland
Juliusz Walaszczyk: Department of Air-Conditioning, Heating, Gas Engineering and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-24

Abstract: This study evaluates indoor thermal comfort and the energy performance of HVAC control strategies in the Congo Zone of a zoological facility located in Poland. The main objective in this zone is to maintain adequate relative humidity, which is more critical for plants and animals than the indoor air temperature range. Long-term measurements were carried out to determine the variation of air system heat transfer as a function of outdoor air temperature. To determine the energy demand for heating, cooling, and air transport, eight control algorithms were analysed, each differing in a single detail but potentially affecting overall energy use and thermal comfort. The algorithms combined the following features: maintaining a constant supply or indoor air temperature; operating with a constant or modulated recirculation damper position; maintaining a constant or variable airflow (CAV or VAV); operating within the normal setpoint range or with an extended range of 1 °C; controlling temperature only or both temperature and humidity; and utilising or not utilising free cooling. The control algorithm operating in the facility maintained indoor humidity within acceptable limits for 98% of the year but failed to meet temperature requirements for 28% of the time. Refined strategies achieved energy savings of up to 74% in fan power and 80% in cooling demand, though often at the cost of reduced humidity control.

Keywords: HVAC; VAV; supply air temperature reset; air system heat transfer; recirculation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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