Energy Conversion and Management Strategies for Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Systems: A Review

Lin Li, Tiezhu Zhang (), Liqun Lu, Kehui Ma and Zehao Sun
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Lin Li: College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
Tiezhu Zhang: School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Liqun Lu: School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Kehui Ma: School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Zehao Sun: School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-50

Abstract: The electro-hydraulic hybrid system has emerged as a critical technology in new energy vehicles, owing to the remarkable power density and efficient energy regeneration capabilities of hydraulic technology, coupled with the high energy density of electric power. This system effectively enhances vehicle range and battery life. We developed an energy management strategy (EMS) for the electro-hydraulic hybrid system (EHHS) to ensure smooth energy conversion, while ensuring the full utilization of electrical and hydraulic energy within a reasonable and efficient range. To enhance the system’s overall performance, it is imperative to address pivotal technologies, including power coupling and energy management. In this research, the structure of an electro-hydraulic hybrid vehicle (EHHV) is classified, compared and discussed. The application of existing EHHVs is studied. Subsequently, an analysis and summary are conducted on the current status and development trends of EMSs and collaborative operation control strategies (COCSs), and a novel mechanical-electro-hydraulic power-coupled system (MEHPCS) is put forward that successfully converts mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic energy in performance. Simultaneously, other applications of the system are forecasted. Finally, some suggestions for the electro-hydraulic hybrid systems’ future development are made. This study can promote the development of sustainable transportation technologies. The system integrates mechanical engineering, control theory, and environmental science, enabling interdisciplinary methodological innovation. In addition, relevant studies provide data support for policy makers by quantifying energy consumption indicators.

Keywords: electro-hydraulic hybrid systems; energy management strategy; cooperative operation control strategy; mechanical-electro-hydraulic power-coupled system; application and prospect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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