Bayesian–Kalman Fusion Framework for Thermal Fault Diagnosis of Battery Energy Storage Systems

Peng Wei, Jinze Tao, Changjun Xie, Yang Yang, Wenchao Zhu and Yunhui Huang ()
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Peng Wei: School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Jinze Tao: School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Changjun Xie: School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Yang Yang: School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Wenchao Zhu: School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Yunhui Huang: School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-19

Abstract: Fault diagnosis of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in dynamic operating conditions presents significant challenges due to complex spatiotemporal patterns and measurement noise. This research proposes a novel thermal fault diagnosis framework for BESSs based on Bayesian inference and a Kalman filter. Firstly, PLS-based spatiotemporal feature extraction is designed to capture temporal dependencies. Based on Bayesian global exploration and Kalman real-time weight adaptation, a dual-stage optimization strategy is proposed to derive a multiscale detection index with the dominant statistic, the residual statistic, and the module voltage similarity. A time window-based cumulative contribution strategy is constructed for precise cell localization. Finally, the experimental validation on a Li-ion battery pack demonstrates the proposed method’s superior performance: 96.92–99.90% anomaly detection rate, false alarm rate ranging from 0.10% to 7.22%, detection delays of 1–27 s, and 100% accuracy in fault localization. The proposed framework provides a comprehensive solution for safety management of BESSs and is significant for battery life and energy sustainability.

Keywords: battery thermal management; Bayesian optimization; Kalman filtering; PLS spatiotemporal analysis; fault detection; fault localization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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