Equity-Considered Design Method for Battery Electric Bus Networks

Yadan Yan, Wenjing Du, Pei Tong () and Junsheng Li
Additional contact information
Yadan Yan: School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Wenjing Du: School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Pei Tong: School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Junsheng Li: Henan Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450044, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-23

Abstract: The penetration rate of battery electric buses (BEBs) continues to rise, and the design of BEB networks has become the foundation for establishing efficient and sustainable public transportation systems. Improving the equity of bus network and reducing the total cost of the bus system are taken as the targets, a multi-objective programming model for TNDP is proposed in this study. Among them, the Gini coefficient of bus travel times during peak hours and the direct travel proportion of the elderly during non-peak hours are used to describe the equity of the bus network. When calculating the comprehensive cost, factors such as the fleet size of battery electric buses, charging facilities requirements, and charging costs are taken into account. To enhance the reliability of the obtained results, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is adopted to generate the Pareto-optimal solution set. The Mandl’s benchmark network is used for comparative validation, and a case study based on the road network of Zhengzhou is undertaken. Calculation results indicate that the proposed model not only minimizes the total travel costs but also significantly reduces the Gini coefficient of the transportation mode distribution. Under the constraint of overall expenses, it effectively improves the equity and the direct travel proportion of the elderly served by the bus system. The results can provide quantitative support to formulate livelihood transportation policies for local government and optimize the allocation of public transportation resources.

Keywords: sustainable transportation; bus network design; battery electric bus; equity; elderly friendly (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/22/10149/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/22/10149/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:22:p:10149-:d:1793722

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().