Spatiotemporal Changes and Trade-Offs/Synergies of Waterfront Ecosystem Services Globally

Yaomin Zheng, Huize Yang, Huixin Gong (), Jinlian Shi, Yanhui Zhang, Jiaxin Wang, Xin Zhang, Ruifen Cheng and Yu Chen ()
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Yaomin Zheng: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Huize Yang: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Huixin Gong: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Jinlian Shi: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Yanhui Zhang: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Jiaxin Wang: Institute for Culture and Tourism Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Xin Zhang: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Ruifen Cheng: Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
Yu Chen: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-22

Abstract: The types of ecosystem services are complex and diverse. This study estimated four ecosystem services, their trade-offs, and their synergistic outcomes in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using the InVEST model. Globally, results showed that waterfront ecosystem services are high (low) in the north (south), and that high-value areas are mainly in Sweden and Finland in Europe; the Congo in Africa; Russia, Southwest China, and Indonesia in Asia; the Northwestern United States and Canada in North America, and northeastern Peru and northwestern Brazil in South America. Overall, ecosystem services changed little during 2010–2020. Additionally, a notable trade-off was found between water yield and habitat quality, and strong synergies were found between water yield and carbon storage and sequestration, water yield and sediment delivery ratio, carbon storage and sequestration and sediment delivery ratio, and carbon storage and habitat quality. The results of this study could help promote sustainable development of waterfronts globally.

Keywords: waterfront; ecosystem services; InVEST model; sustainable development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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