Exploring the Multifaceted Challenges and Complexities Involved in the Effective Implementation of Maritime Conventions

Deniece M. Aiken (), Jonne Kotta and Ulla Pirita Tapaninen
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Deniece M. Aiken: Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
Jonne Kotta: Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia
Ulla Pirita Tapaninen: Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, 11712 Tallinn, Estonia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: The sustainability of the maritime industry relies on the effective implementation of global regulations, a task primarily managed by nation-states within the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This paper investigates the barriers to implementing international maritime regulations, centering on the IMO’s role in supporting member states, focusing on three themes: people, patterns, and particularities. Survey and interview data from maritime stakeholders identified key challenges: insufficient personnel training, financial limitations, and state interest in maritime affairs. These findings highlight the importance of skilled personnel, the need for adaptable processes amid resource constraints, and the unique challenges faced by states due to their political and regulatory differences. This paper further examines the IMO’s initiatives to support compliance, including technical guidance, capacity-building, and funding. However, issues persist, especially with enforcement and industry resistance to regulatory changes. This study suggests that enhanced regional monitoring, mandatory reporting, and greater involvement of non-state actors could improve compliance. It emphasizes the importance of targeted resource allocation to address the unique needs of individual states. This study also provides valuable insights into the challenges of maritime regulation implementation and highlights the indispensable role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in facilitating implementation efforts.

Keywords: implementation; maritime conventions; International Maritime Organization (IMO); grounded theory; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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