Overview of Offshore Wind Power Technologies

Xiaomei Ma, Mengxue Li, Wenquan Li () and Yongqian Liu
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Xiaomei Ma: School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China
Mengxue Li: School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China
Wenquan Li: School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China
Yongqian Liu: School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: Optimizing offshore wind power technology and reducing the levelized cost of electricity throughout the lifecycle are key measures for the large-scale development of offshore wind power, contributing significantly to the transition toward sustainable energy systems. However, compared to onshore wind power, the internal flow dynamics of offshore wind farms are more complex, which poses challenges for operation and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for updated, smarter, more efficient, and economic offshore intelligent operation control technologies to facilitate the large-scale development and utilization of offshore wind power. This paper approaches the topic from two perspectives, offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farms, introducing popular research directions and technical bottlenecks in these two related fields. This includes offshore wind turbine capacity development and fundamental technologies, offshore wind power forecasting technology, and offshore wind power operation and control technology, offshore intelligent operation and maintenance technology, as well as offshore wind power and integrated marine area utilization technology. Firstly, the challenges faced by the intensive development of offshore wind resources and operational environments are analyzed. Secondly, the challenges encountered in the aforementioned technological areas and their potential solutions are summarized. Finally, a systematic reflection and outlook on the large-scale development of offshore wind power are provided, reinforcing its critical role in achieving global sustainability goals.

Keywords: offshore wind power; operation and maintenance technology; wind power forecasting; operation control; sustainable energy system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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