Digital Transformation in the Paper Industry: Assessing Maturity, Challenges, and Opportunities

Rosario Othen (), Jörg Padberg, Christian Möbitz and Thomas Gries
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Rosario Othen: Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Jörg Padberg: Koehler Innovative Solutions, Hauptstraße 2, 77704 Oberkirch, Germany
Christian Möbitz: Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Thomas Gries: Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-19

Abstract: The paper industry is undergoing a critical phase of digital transformation, driven by the need for increased efficiency and sustainability. This study offers an initial insight into the industry’s digitalisation status based on a survey conducted at the ZELLCHEMING Expo 2024 by ZELLCHEMING’s technical committee DATA. The survey assessed the digital maturity of various companies and the industry, uncovering data management practices and key challenges. The findings reveal a discrepancy between the companies’ self-assessed digital maturity and their views on the industry’s overall digitalisation, with the companies generally rating the industry as being on a rather low maturity whilst rating their own maturity more favourably. Challenges, such as legacy systems, data quality issues, and inconsistent digitalisation efforts, persist, although there is a notable awareness of the importance of data. The study highlights the potential of frameworks, like the Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index and the VDI Guideline for Industrie 4.0, in guiding digital transformation. To enhance digital maturity, companies must advance through the stages of digital integration, address key obstacles, and align digital initiatives with strategic goals. This paper offers practical recommendations for advancing digital capabilities and achieving long-term sustainability and competitiveness not only in the paper industry but also generally for manufacturing enterprises. Ultimately, this research emphasises the need for a cohesive approach to digitalisation, which involves all stakeholders—from management to operational staff—in fostering resilience and adaptability in an ever-evolving industrial landscape.

Keywords: digital transformation; Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index; data management; sustainability; digitalisation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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