Optimization and Implementation Framework for Connected Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) Considering Punctuality

Tae Wan Kim, Myungjin Chae and Jeong Whon Yu ()
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Tae Wan Kim: Department of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea
Myungjin Chae: Department of Manufacturing and Construction Management, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA
Jeong Whon Yu: Department of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) is gaining attention as a flexible and efficient solution for connecting urban transit hubs, but challenges such as travel time variability and punctuality remain significant barriers. This study develops a robust optimization framework with variable travel speed to address these issues, minimizing user and operator costs while reducing transfer waiting times. The framework incorporates variable travel speeds and employs a genetic algorithm to optimize routes and operations compared to many studies using constant commercial speed. Experiments conducted in Hwaseong, South Korea, analyzed scenarios with varying service rates, vehicle capacities, and detour ratios. Results show that implementing punctuality-constrained DRT reduces total travel times by 14% compared to subways and 36% compared to buses, highlighting its potential to significantly improve user convenience and operational efficiency. The findings suggest that carefully designed DRT systems with highly reliable punctuality can enhance urban mobility by integrating seamlessly with existing transit networks, providing a cost-effective and reliable alternative to traditional public transport.

Keywords: DRT (demand responsive transit); punctuality; urban transit; robust optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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