Volatilization Characteristic of Chloride Salts During the Production of Fired Brick Under Different Atmospheres

Jie Li, Zhigang Li, Dandan Wang () and Linqiang Mao
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Jie Li: Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210041, China
Zhigang Li: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Dandan Wang: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
Linqiang Mao: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: The behavior of chloride (Cl) salts in high-temperature environments is critical for various industrial processes, including waste treatment and material synthesis. However, the influence of different atmospheric conditions on the volatilization and interaction of Cl salts with clay minerals remains poorly understood. Previous studies have primarily focused on individual salt types under limited conditions, leaving a gap in the comprehensive understanding of how atmosphere composition affects Cl salt volatilization at high temperatures. This work addresses this gap by systematically investigating the volatilization behaviors of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 in different atmospheres (air, N 2 (g), NH 3 (g), and H 2 O(g)) across temperatures from 750 to 1050 °C. The results revealed significant differences in volatilization rates, with H 2 O(g) atmosphere significantly enhancing Cl volatilization, especially for NaCl and KCl, while CaCl 2 showed notably lower volatilization. N 2 (g) and NH 3 (g) atmospheres exhibit a similar, moderate effect on Cl volatilization, while the air atmosphere suppressed Cl volatilization due to the formation of stable oxide structures. Thermodynamic simulations confirmed the formation of HCl(g) as the primary volatile species, with metal cations forming stable silicates and feldspar compounds with clay minerals. DFT calculations highlighted that H 2 O(g) lowers the energy barrier for chloride salt decomposition, accelerating volatilization by weakening the bond between metal cations and Cl ions. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of atmospheric conditions on the volatilization of Cl salts in high-temperature environments.

Keywords: chloride salts; Cl evaporation; phase transformation; DFT; fired bricks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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