Weigh-In-Motion Placement for Overloaded Truck Enforcement Considering Traffic Loadings and Disruptions

Yunkyeong Jung, Daijiro Mizutani and Jinwoo Lee ()
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Yunkyeong Jung: Graduate School of Green Growth and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
Daijiro Mizutani: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
Jinwoo Lee: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-14

Abstract: Overloaded trucks directly contribute to road infrastructure deterioration and undermine safety, posing significant challenges to sustainability. This makes enforcement to reduce their numbers and impacts essential. Weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems use road-embedded sensors to measure truck weights and enforce regulations. However, WIM cannot be installed on all routes, and some overloaded truck drivers can detour to avoid them instead of giving up overloading if the detour penalty is still lower than the extra profit from overloading. This paper focuses on optimal WIM location planning for overloaded truck management, incorporating a demand shift and user equilibrium model based on the utility functions of overloaded and non-overloaded trucks. The presented framework includes an upper-level problem for WIM placement and a lower-level problem for demand shifts and traffic assignments among overloaded trucks, non-overloaded trucks, and light-duty vehicles for a given WIM placement. Particularly, at the upper level, the primary objective is to minimize the traffic loadings, i.e., the expected equivalent single-axle load–kilometers per unit time, with the secondary objective of minimizing the total traffic disruptions over the target network. Simulations and sensitivity analyses are conducted through a numerical example. Consequently, this study proposes an optimal WIM placement framework that considers drivers’ utility-based route choice and social costs such as ESAL and traffic congestion.

Keywords: weigh-in-motion; overloaded truck; enforcement; optimal placement; demand shift; traffic assignment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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