The Effects of Potassium Dose, Timing, and Source in Soybean Crops in Brazilian Savannah Oxisol

Mariana C. Barbosa, Guilherme C. Fernandes, Bruno H. Lima, Luiz G. P. Rosa, William C. N. Ito, Loiane F. R. de Souza, Arshad Jalal, Thiago A. R. Nogueira, Carlos E. da S. Oliveira, Bhim B. Ghaley and Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ()
Additional contact information
Mariana C. Barbosa: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
Guilherme C. Fernandes: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
Bruno H. Lima: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
Luiz G. P. Rosa: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
William C. N. Ito: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
Loiane F. R. de Souza: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil
Arshad Jalal: Center of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah 23955, Saudi Arabia
Thiago A. R. Nogueira: Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Campus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
Carlos E. da S. Oliveira: Department of Agronomy, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Cassilândia 79540-000, MS, Brazil
Bhim B. Ghaley: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Campus Taastrup, University of Copenhagen (KU), 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho: Department of Plant Health, Rural Engineering and Soil, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15385-000, SP, Brazil

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-12

Abstract: In Brazil, several silicic rocks can be used as powder-based K sources, which can reduce production costs in agriculture. The optimized supply of K not only increases yield but also contributes to soil fertility preservation and long-term sustainability by curtailing nutrient losses and reducing the risk of nutrient imbalances. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of K application timing, source, and doses on nodulation, productive components, and productivity of soybeans in a not-tillage system in the Savannah. The experiment was carried out in the field, for two years, in an Oxisol, with a clayey texture. The experimental design was in random blocks, in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, as follows: two application timings (early and sowing), four K 2 O rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha −1 ), and three sources (KCl, Potasil, and Ekosil), with four replicates. Potassium fertilizer was broadcasted on the soil without incorporation into the soil. Due to the interactions between doses and K 2 O sources, there was a linear adjustment for KCl sources, the higher the dose, the lower the nodule mass. Also, for nodule mass, the interaction between dose and application time was significant for the early application of the Ecosil and Potasil sources for 80 kg ha −1 . The highest estimated soybean grain productivity was 3262 kg ha −1 with 78 kg ha −1 of K 2 O, being the most suitable for growing soybeans under a no-tillage system.

Keywords: Glycine max L.; potassium silicate; grain yield; nodule mass; Ekosil; Potasil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/3/934/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/3/934/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:3:p:934-:d:1575684

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().