A Sustainable Alternative for Cosmetic Applications: NADES Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Hazelnut By-Products

Grazia Federica Bencresciuto, Monica Carnevale, Enrico Paris, Francesco Gallucci, Enrico Santangelo and Carmela Anna Migliori ()
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Grazia Federica Bencresciuto: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
Monica Carnevale: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Enrico Paris: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Francesco Gallucci: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Enrico Santangelo: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Carmela Anna Migliori: Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: Hazelnut processing generates a variety of by-products, including skins, shells, and defatted (DFT) flour, which contain valuable bioactive compounds. These by-products are rich in polyphenols, fibers, and other molecules that are suitable for incorporation into nutraceutical and cosmetic products. The efficiency of three natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), such as betaine/sorbitol/water (BS), fructose/lactic acid/water (FL), and fructose/glycerol/water (FG) was compared with a control (C) extractant (ethanol/water). These NADES were combined with two extraction techniques: a conventional method involving heat and magnetic stirring, and ultra-sound-assisted extraction (US). The free radical scavenging capacity (FRC), total phenolic content (TPC), and the polyphenolic profile (HPLC) were evaluated. BS NADES exhibited superior efficiency for the extraction from the skin and shell, while FL was optimal for defatted flour. Although the skin is the least abundant hazelnut processing by-product, it exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antiradical activity, indicating potential for cosmetic applications. The suitability of DFT flour, skin, and the residual panel of extracts for thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes was investigated. Some of the materials were found to be conducive to thermochemical conversion, while others were suitable for anaerobic digestion.

Keywords: NADES; circular economy; by-products; ultra-sound assisted extraction; phenolic compounds; antiradical activity; proximate analysis; ultimate analysis; biogas potential (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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