Identifying AMF-Rich Tir Wheat Rhizospheres to Foster Microbial Inoculants Useful in Sustainable Agriculture: Evidence from the Van Lake Basin

Solmaz Najafi (), Mehmet Ülker, Younes Rezaee Danesh, Semra Demir, Erol Oral, Fevzi Altuner, Siyami Karaca, Meriç Balci, Burak Özdemir, Bulut Sargin, Aynur Dilsiz, Çağlar Sagun, Ezelhan Selem, Sana Jamal Salih, Mina Najafi, Beatrice Farda () and Marika Pellegrini
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Solmaz Najafi: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Mehmet Ülker: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Younes Rezaee Danesh: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Semra Demir: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Erol Oral: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Fevzi Altuner: Plant and Animal Production Department, Gevaş Vocational School, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Siyami Karaca: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Meriç Balci: Department of Food Processing, Manavgat Vocational College, Akdeniz University, 07600 Manavgat, Türkiye
Burak Özdemir: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Bulut Sargin: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Aynur Dilsiz: Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara, Türkiye
Çağlar Sagun: Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara, Türkiye
Ezelhan Selem: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65090 Van, Türkiye
Sana Jamal Salih: Directorate of Agriculture Research, Sulaymaniyah, Bakrajo, Sulaymaniyah 46011, Iraq
Mina Najafi: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
Beatrice Farda: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Marika Pellegrini: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-13

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture by enhancing nutrient efficiency and reducing the dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Developing these sustainable, effective products requires knowledge of the target plant and its associated microbial communities in the production landscape of interest. This study focused on AMF populations associated with Tir wheat in six main locations of Türkiye’s Van Lake Basin. The Erçek-Özalp-Saray region exhibited the highest organic matter values. Higher available phosphorous contents were found for Erciş-Patnos and Muradiye. The Erciş-Patnos region exhibited the highest AMF density (120 spores/10 g soil) and frequency (75%), while the lowest AMF density (45 spores/10 g soil) was recorded in Muradiye. Sand contents correlated positively with spore number and mycorrhizal frequency and negatively with silt and clay. Based on these results, Erciş-Patnos was elected as the best location for the isolation of AMF spores suitable for the development of microbial-based tools for Tir wheat cultivation. These results are very important in the current context of climate change, which mandates the use of low-impact environmental strategies. Further research should explore the interactions of AMFs with other microorganisms to optimize their ecological benefits. However, the results of this study provide a valuable basis for future investigations of AMF-based products for use in sustainable Tir wheat cultivation.

Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Turkish wheat varieties; mycorrhizal colonization; mycorrhizal frequency; soil physicochemical characterization; rhizosphere microbial diversity; abiotic stress mitigation; sustainable agriculture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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